View source for Help:Table

{{H:h|editor toc}}

This page gives you information about syntax to build wiki-tables in [[w:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]].

==Spreadsheet to wiki table format==
<!-- What is this doing here?	
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/opensearch_desc.php" title="Meta (en)" />
-->
To convert from spreadsheets such as Gnumeric, MS Excel or OpenOffice.org Calc, see http://excel2wiki.net/.
''([[Wikimedia Forum#excel2wiki.net doesn't work any more|Obsolete?]])

== Using the toolbar ==
[[Image:Toolbar2.JPG]]

You can use the [[W:Wikipedia:Toolbar#MediaWiki_Edit_Toolbar|Mediawiki edit toolbar]] to create tables on Wikipedia, and some Wikimedia projects. It is helpful to generate the necessary codings. However, on many MediaWiki wikis (and by default) the table tool is not available. 

Use the first button on the right of the toolbar to insert a table when editing a page.

By default, it includes the following text: 
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! code 
! result
|-                                
|
<pre>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! header 1
! header 2
! header 3
|-
| row 1, cell 1
| row 1, cell 2
| row 1, cell 3
|-
| row 2, cell 1
| row 2, cell 2
| row 2, cell 3
|}
</pre>
|
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! header 1
! header 2
! header 3
|-
| row 1, cell 1
| row 1, cell 2
| row 1, cell 3
|-
| row 2, cell 1
| row 2, cell 2
| row 2, cell 3
|}
|}

== Pipe syntax tutorial ==
{| border="3"
! Column heading 1!! Column heading 2 !! Column heading 3
|-
! Row heading 1
| Cell 2 || Cell 100
|-
! Row heading A
|Cell B
|Cell C
|}

Although HTML table syntax also works, special MediaWiki code can be used as a shortcut to create a table.  Formatting codes function the same as in [[w:HTML table|HTML table]] markup. The shortcuts are as follows:
* The entire table is encased with curly brackets and a vertical bar character (a pipe).  So use <code>'''{|'''</code> to begin a table, and <code>'''|}'''</code> to end it.  Each one needs to be on its own line: 
 <span style="font-weight:bold; color:red"><nowiki>{|</nowiki></span>
   ''table code goes here''
 <span style="font-weight:bold; color:red"><nowiki>|}</nowiki></span>
* An optional '''[[help:table caption|table caption]]''' is included with a line starting with a vertical bar and plus sign "<code>'''|+'''</code>" and the caption after it:
 <nowiki>{|</nowiki>
 <span style="font-weight:bold; color:red"><nowiki>|+</nowiki> ''caption''</span>
   ''table code goes here''
 <nowiki>|}</nowiki>
* To start a new '''table [[w:row|row]]''', type a vertical bar and a [[w:hyphen|hyphen]] on its own line: "<code>'''|-'''</code>".  The codes for the cells in that row will start on the next line.
 <nowiki>{|</nowiki>
 <nowiki>|+</nowiki> The table's caption
 <span style="font-weight:bold; color:red"><nowiki>|-</nowiki></span>
   ''cell code goes here (first row)''
 <span style="font-weight:bold; color:red"><nowiki>|-</nowiki></span>
   ''cell code goes here (second row)''
 <nowiki>|}</nowiki>
* Type the codes for each ''table [[w:cell|cell]]'' in the next row, starting with a bar:
 <nowiki>{|</nowiki>
 <nowiki>|+</nowiki> The table's caption
 <nowiki>|-</nowiki>
 <span style="font-weight:bold; color:red">|</span> ''cell codes go here''
 <nowiki>|-</nowiki>
 <span style="font-weight:bold; color:red">|</span> ''cells in the next row go here''
 <span style="font-weight:bold; color:red">|</span> ''more cells in the same row here''
 <nowiki>|}</nowiki>
* Cells can be separated with either a new line and new bar, or by a double bar "'''||'''" on the same line.  Both produce the same output:
 <nowiki>{|</nowiki>
 <nowiki>|+</nowiki> The table's caption
 <nowiki>|-</nowiki>
 <span style="font-weight:bold; color:red">|Cell 1 || Cell 2 || Cell 3</span>
 <nowiki>|-</nowiki>
 <span style="font-weight:bold; color:red">|Cell A </span>
 <span style="font-weight:bold; color:red">|Cell B</span>
 <span style="font-weight:bold; color:red">|Cell C</span>
 <nowiki>|}</nowiki>
* If you use single bars, then what might appear to be the first cell is in fact a format modifier applied to the cell, and the rest of your "cells" will be merged into one:
 <nowiki>{| border="1"</nowiki>
 <nowiki>|-</nowiki>
 <nowiki>|format modifier (not displayed)</nowiki><span style="font-weight:bold; color:red">|</span><nowiki>These all </nowiki><span style="font-weight:bold; color:red">|</span><nowiki>(including the pipes)</nowiki><span style="font-weight:bold; color:red">|</span><nowiki>go into </nowiki><span style="font-weight:bold; color:red">|</span><nowiki>the first cell</nowiki>
 <nowiki>|-</nowiki>
 <nowiki>|}</nowiki>
which is probably not what you want:
{| border="1"
|-
|format modifier (not displayed)|These all |(including the pipes)|go into |the first cell
|-
|}
However, the format modifier is useful:
 <nowiki>{| border="1"</nowiki>
 <nowiki>|-</nowiki>
 <nowiki>|Cell 1 (no modifier - not aligned)</nowiki>
 <nowiki>|-</nowiki>
 <nowiki>|align="right" |Cell 2 (right aligned)</nowiki>
 <nowiki>|-</nowiki>
 <nowiki>|}</nowiki>

{| border="1"
|-
|Cell 1 (no modifier - not aligned)
|-
|align="right" |Cell 2 (right aligned)
|-
|}
Just remember: no more than 2 single pipes on a line!

* a row of '''[[w:column heading|column heading]]s''' is identified by using "!" instead of "|", and using "!!" instead of "||".  Header cells typically render differently from regular cells, depending on the browser.  They are often rendered in a bold font and centered.
 <nowiki>{|</nowiki>
 <nowiki>|+</nowiki> The table's caption
 <span style="font-weight:bold; color:red">! Column heading 1 !! Column heading 2 !! Column heading 3</span>
 <nowiki>|-</nowiki>
 |Cell 1 || Cell 2 || Cell 3
 <nowiki>|-</nowiki>
 |Cell A
 |Cell B
 |Cell C
 <nowiki>|}</nowiki>
* the first cell of a row is identified as '''[[w:row heading|row heading]]''' by starting the line with "!" instead of "|", and starting subsequent data cells on a new line.
 <nowiki>{|</nowiki>
 <nowiki>|+</nowiki> The table's caption
 ! Column heading 1 !! Column heading 2 !! Column heading 3
 <nowiki>|-</nowiki>
 <span style="font-weight:bold; color:red">! Row heading 1</span> 
 | Cell 2 || Cell 3
 <nowiki>|-</nowiki>
 <span style="font-weight:bold; color:red">! Row heading A</span> 
 |Cell B
 |Cell C
 <nowiki>|}</nowiki>
* Optional '''parameters''' can modify the behavior of cells, rows, or the entire table.  For instance, a border could be added to the table:
 <nowiki>{|</nowiki> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:red">border="1"</span>
 <nowiki>|+</nowiki> The table's caption
 ! Column heading 1 !! Column heading 2 !! Column heading 3
 <nowiki>|-</nowiki>
 ! Row heading 1
 | Cell 2 || Cell 3
 <nowiki>|-</nowiki>
 ! Row heading A
 |Cell B
 |Cell C
 <nowiki>|}</nowiki>
The final table would display like this:
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;">
{| border="1"
|+ The table's caption
! Column heading 1 !! Column heading 2 !! Column heading 3
|-
! Row heading 1
| Cell 2 || Cell 3
|-
! Row heading A
|Cell B
|Cell C
|}
</blockquote>
The table parameters and cell parameters are the same as in [[w:HTML|HTML]], see  [http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TABLE] and [[w:Table (HTML)|Table (HTML)]]. However, the <code>thead</code>, <code>tbody</code>, <code>tfoot</code>, <code>colgroup</code>, and <code>col</code> elements are currently not [[Help:HTML in wikitext#Permitted_HTML|supported in MediaWiki]].

A table can be useful even if none of the cells have content.  For example, the background colors of cells can be changed with cell parameters, making the table into a diagram, like {{mlm|Template talk:Square 8x8 pentomino example}}.  An "image" in the form of a table is much more convenient to edit than an uploaded image.

Each row must have the same number of cells as the other rows, so that the number of columns in the table remains consistent. For empty cells, use the non-breaking space <code>&amp;nbsp;</code> as content to ensure that the cells are displayed. To show a visible pipe in a cell, use <tt>&lt;nowiki>|&lt;/nowiki></tt> or <tt>&amp;#124;</tt>.

With colspan and rowspan cells can span several columns or rows, see the [[Help:Table#M.C3.A9lange|M&#233;lange]] example below. However, this has the disadvantage that [[help:sorting|sorting]] does not work properly anymore.

==Examples==

==== Simple example ====
Both of these generate the same output.  Choose a style based on the number of cells in each row and the total text inside each cell.

'''Wiki markup'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;"><pre><nowiki>
{| 
| A 
| B
|- 
| C
| D
|}
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;"><pre><nowiki>
{| 
| A || B
|- 
| C || D 
|}
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

'''What it looks like in your browser'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;">
{| 
| A
| B
|- 
| C
| D
|}
</blockquote>

===Multiplication table===

'''Wiki markup'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;"><pre><nowiki>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Multiplication table
|-
! &amp;times; !! 1 !! 2 !! 3
|-
! 1
| 1 || 2 || 3
|-
! 2
| 2 || 4 || 6
|-
! 3
| 3 || 6 || 9
|-
! 4
| 4 || 8 || 12
|-
! 5
| 5 || 10 || 15
|}
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

'''What it looks like in your browser''' (see: [[Help:User_style]])
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Multiplication table
|-
! &times; !! 1 !! 2 !! 3
|-
! 1
| 1 || 2 || 3
|-
! 2
| 2 || 4 || 6
|-
! 3
| 3 || 6 || 9
|-
! 4
| 4 || 8 || 12
|-
! 5
| 5 || 10 || 15
|}
</blockquote>

===Color; scope of parameters===
'''''See also: [[Wiki color formatting help]]'''''

Two ways of specifying color of text and background for a single cell are as follows.  The first form is preferred:

'''Wiki markup'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;"><pre><nowiki>
{| 
| style="background:red; color:white" | abc
| def
| bgcolor="red" | <span style="color:white"> ghi </span>
| jkl
|}
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

'''What it looks like in your browser'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;">
{| 
| style="background:red; color:white" | abc
| def
| bgcolor="red" | <span style="color:white"> ghi </span>
| jkl
|}
</blockquote>

'''Note:''' The <code>bgcolor</code> is [http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/present/graphics.html#h-15.1.1 deprecated].

Like other parameters, colors can also be specified for a whole row or the whole table; parameters for a row override the value for the table, and those for a cell override those for a row:

'''Wiki markup'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;"><pre><nowiki>
{| style="background:yellow; color:green"
|- 
| abc || def || ghi
|- style="background:red; color:white"
| jkl || mno || pqr
|-
| stu || style="background:#C1C1C1" | vwx || yz
|}
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

'''What it looks like in your browser'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;">
{| style="background:yellow; color:green"
|- 
| abc || def || ghi
|- style="background:red; color:white"
| jkl || mno || pqr
|-
| stu || style="background:#C1C1C1" | vwx || yz
|}
</blockquote>

To make the table blend in with the background, use <code>style="background:none"</code> or <code>style="background:transparent"</code>. (Warning: <code>style="background:inherit"</code>, does not work with some browsers, including IE6!)

See : [[w:style|style]], [[w:background|background]], [[w:list of colors|list of colors]], [[w:web colors|web colors]]

===Width, height===
The width and height of the whole table can be specified, as well as the height of a row. To specify the width of a column one can specify the width of an arbitrary cell in it. If the width is not specified for all columns, and/or the height is not specified for all rows, then there is some ambiguity, and the result depends on the browser. 

'''Wiki markup'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;"><pre><nowiki>
{| style="width:75%; height:200px" border="1"
|- 
| abc || def || ghi
|- style="height:100px" 
| jkl || style="width:200px" |mno || pqr
|-
| stu || vwx || yz
|}
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

'''What it looks like in your browser'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;">
{| style="width:75%; height:200px" border="1"
|- 
| abc || def || ghi
|- style="height:100px" 
| jkl || style="width:200px" |mno || pqr
|-
| stu || vwx || yz
|}
</blockquote>

Note that <code>style="</code>inline CSS<code>"</code> has no effect with some browsers. If compatibility is important, equivalent older constructs like <code>width="75%"</code> should work on more browsers. 

====Setting your column widths====
If you wish to force column widths to your own requirements, rather than accepting the width of the widest text element in a column's cells, then follow this example.  Note that wrap-around of text is forced.

<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 1em;"><pre><nowiki>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
!width="50"|Name
!width="225"|Effect
!width="225"|Games Found In
|-
|Poké Ball || Regular Poké Ball || All Versions
|-
|Great Ball || Better than a Poké Ball || All Versions
|}
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 1em;">
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
!width="50"|Name
!width="225"|Effect
!width="225"|Games Found In
|-
|Poké Ball || Regular Poké Ball || All Versions
|-
|Great Ball || Better than a Poké Ball || All Versions
|}
</blockquote>

To set column widths in a table without headers, specify the width in the first cell for each column, like this:

<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 1em;"><pre><nowiki>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
|-
|width="100pt"|This column is 100 points wide
|width="200pt"|This column is 200 points wide
|width="300pt"|This column is 300 points wide
|-
|blah || blah || blah
|}
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 1em;">
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
|-
|width="100pt"|This column is 100 points wide
|width="200pt"|This column is 200 points wide
|width="300pt"|This column is 300 points wide
|-
|blah || blah || blah
|}
</blockquote>

One application of setting the widths is aligning columns of consecutive tables:

{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
!width="350"|Country
!width="225"|Capital
|-
|The Netherlands || Amsterdam 
|}

{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
!width="350"|Country
!width="225"|Capital
|-
|France || Paris
|}

===Vertical alignment===
By default data in tables is vertically centrally aligned, which results in odd-looking layouts like this:

<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 1em;">
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
|-
|width="10%"|'''Row heading'''
|width="70%"|A longer piece of text. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. 
|width="20%"|A shorter piece of text.
|-
|'''Row heading'''
|A longer piece of text.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. 
|A shorter piece of text.
|}
</blockquote>

To fix this, apply the valign="top" attribute to the rows. Alternatively use style="vertical-align:top;". (Unfortunately it seems to be necessary to apply this individually to every single row. Thats why you can try <code>class="toptextcells"</code> or <code>class="wikitable sortable toptextcells"</code>.) For example:

<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 1em;"><pre><nowiki>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
|- valign="top"
|width="10%"|'''Row heading'''
|width="70%"|A longer piece of text. Lorem ipsum...
|width="20%"|A shorter piece of text.
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|'''Row heading'''
|A longer piece of text. Lorem ipsum... 
|A shorter piece of text.
|}
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 1em;">
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
|- valign="top"
|width="10%"|'''Row heading'''
|width="70%"|A longer piece of text. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. 
|width="20%"|A shorter piece of text.
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|'''Row heading'''
|A longer piece of text.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. 
|A shorter piece of text.
|}
</blockquote>

===Positioning===
One can position the table itself, and all contents in a row, and contents in a cell, but not with a single parameter for all contents in the table, see [[m:Template talk:Table demo]].

===M&eacute;lange===
Here's a more advanced example, showing some more options available for making up tables. Note, however, that with use of the colspan and rowspan attributes, [[help:sorting|sorting]] does not work properly any more.

You can play with these settings in your own table to see what effect they have. Not all of these techniques may be appropriate in all cases; just because you can add colored backgrounds, for example, doesn't mean it's always a good idea. Try to keep the markup in your tables relatively simple -- remember, other people are going to be editing the article too! This example should give you an idea of what is possible, though.

'''Wiki markup'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em; overflow:auto;"><pre><nowiki>
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"
|+'''An example table'''
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | First header
! colspan="2" style="background:#ffdead;" | Second header
|-
| upper left
| &amp;nbsp;
| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" valign="top" |right side
|-
| style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | lower left
| style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | lower middle
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" |
{| border="0"
|+''A table in a table''
|-
| align="center" width="150px" | [[Image:Wiki.png]]
| align="center" width="150px" | [[Image:Wiki.png]]
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #FF0000; border-right:1px solid red; border-bottom:2px solid red; border-left:1px solid red;" |
Two Wikimedia logos
|}
|}
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

'''What it looks like in your browser'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;">
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" align="center"
|+'''An example table'''
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | First header
! colspan="2" style="background:#ffdead;" | Second header
|-
| upper left
| &nbsp;
| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" valign="top" |
right side
|-
| style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | lower left
| style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | lower middle
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" |
{| border="0"
|+''A table in a table''
|-
| align="center" | [[Image:Wiki.png]]
| align="center" width="150px" | [[Image:Wiki.png]]
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid red; border-right:1px solid #FF0000; border-bottom:2px solid red; border-left:1px solid red;" |
Two Wikimedia logos
|}
|}
</blockquote>

=== Floating table ===
'''Wiki markup'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;"><pre><nowiki>
This paragraph is before the table.  Lorem ipsum dolor sit
amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad
minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation...

{| align="right" border="1"
| Col 1, row 1 
|rowspan="2"| Col 2, row 1 (and 2) 
| Col 3, row 1 
|- 
| Col 1, row 2 
| Col 3, row 2 
|}

Note the floating table to the right.   

This paragraph is after the table.  Lorem ipsum dolor sit
amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad
minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation...
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

'''What it looks like in your browser'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;">

This paragraph is before the table.  Lorem ipsum dolor sit
amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad
minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation...

{| align="right" border="1"
| Col 1, row 1 
|rowspan="2"| Col 2, row 1 (and 2) 
| Col 3, row 1 
|- 
| Col 1, row 2 
| Col 3, row 2 
|}

Note the floating table to the right.

This paragraph is after the table.  Lorem ipsum dolor sit
amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad
minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation...
</blockquote>{{-}}

=== Non-floating tables ===
'''Wiki markup'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;"><pre><nowiki>
This paragraph is before the tables.  Lorem ipsum dolor sit
amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad
minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation...

{| border="1"
|+Left Aligned Table
| Col 1, row 1 
|rowspan="2"| Col 2, row 1 (and 2) 
| Col 3, row 1 
|- 
| Col 1, row 2 
| Col 3, row 2 
|}

<br style="clear:both;">

This paragraph is between the tables. Lorem ipsum dolor sit
amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad
minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation...

{| border="1" align="center"
|+Centered Table
| Col 1, row 1 
|rowspan="2"| Col 2, row 1 (and 2) 
| Col 3, row 1 
|- 
| Col 1, row 2 
| Col 3, row 2 
|}

<br style="clear:both;">

This paragraph is after the tables.  Lorem ipsum dolor sit
amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad
minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation...
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

'''What it looks like in your browser'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;">
This paragraph is before the tables.  Lorem ipsum dolor sit
amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad
minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation...

{| border="1"
|+Left Aligned Table
| Col 1, row 1 
|rowspan="2"| Col 2, row 1 (and 2) 
| Col 3, row 1 
|- 
| Col 1, row 2 
| Col 3, row 2 
|}

<br style="clear:both;">

This paragraph is between the tables. Lorem ipsum dolor sit
amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad
minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation...

{| border="1" align="center"
|+Centered Table
| Col 1, row 1 
|rowspan="2"| Col 2, row 1 (and 2) 
| Col 3, row 1 
|- 
| Col 1, row 2 
| Col 3, row 2 
|}

<br style="clear:both;">

This paragraph is after the tables.  Lorem ipsum dolor sit
amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad
minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation...
</blockquote>

=== Nested tables ===
Five different (blue) tables are shown nested inside the cells of a table. Automatically the two tables |A| and |B|B| are vertically aligned instead of the usual side by side of text characters in a cell. "float" is used to fix each of tables |C| and |D| to their own position within one cell of the table. This may be used for charts and schemes.  ''Nested tables must start on a new line.''

'''Wiki markup'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;"><p style="border: 1px dashed #2f6fab; background-color: #f9f9f9;"><tt>
<nowiki>{|</nowiki> border="1"<br />
| &amp;alpha;<br />
| align="center" | cell2<br />
<span style="color: navy">
'''<nowiki>{|</nowiki> border="2" style="background:#ABCDEF"''' <nowiki><!--</nowiki> '''The nested table must be on a new line''' <nowiki>--></nowiki><br />
'''| NESTED'''<br />
'''|-'''<br />
'''| TABLE'''<br />
'''<nowiki>|}</nowiki>'''<br />
</span>
| valign="bottom" | the original table again<br />
| style="width:100px" |<br />
<span style="color: navy">
'''<nowiki>{|</nowiki> border="2" style="background:#ABCDEF"'''<br />
'''| A'''<br />
'''<nowiki>|}</nowiki>'''<br />
'''<nowiki>{|</nowiki> border="2" style="background:#ABCDEF"'''<br />
'''| B || B'''<br />
'''<nowiki>|}</nowiki>'''<br />
</span>
| style="width:50px" |<br />
<span style="color: navy">
'''<nowiki>{|</nowiki> border="2" style="background:#ABCDEF; float:left"'''<br />
'''| C'''<br />
'''<nowiki>|}</nowiki>'''<br />
'''<nowiki>{|</nowiki> border="2" style="background:#ABCDEF; float:right"'''<br />
'''| D'''<br />
'''<nowiki>|}</nowiki>'''<br />
</span>
<nowiki>|}</nowiki>
</tt></p></blockquote>

'''What it looks like in your browser'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;">
{| border="1"
| &alpha;
| align="center" | cell2
{| border="2" style="background:#ABCDEF"
| NESTED
|-
| TABLE
|}
| valign="bottom" | the original table again
| style="width:100px" |
{| border="2" style="background:#ABCDEF"
| A
|}
{| border="2" style="background:#ABCDEF"
| B || B
|}
| style="width:50px" |
{| border="2" style="background:#ABCDEF; float:left"
| C
|}
{| border="2" style="background:#ABCDEF; float:right"
| D
|}
|}
</blockquote>

===Combined use of COLSPAN and ROWSPAN===

'''Wiki markup'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;"><pre><nowiki>
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|-
| Column 1 || Column 2 || Column 3
|-
| rowspan="2"| A
| colspan="2" align="center"| B
|-
| C &lt;!-- column 1 occupied by cell A --&gt;
| D 
|-
| E
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center"| F
|- 
| G &lt;!-- column 2+3 occupied by cell F --&gt;
|- 
| colspan="3" align="center"| H
|}
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

'''What it looks like in your browser'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;">
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|-
| Column 1 || Column 2 || Column 3
|-
| rowspan="2"| A
| colspan="2" align="center"| B
|-
| C <!-- column 1 occupied by cell A -->
| D
|-
| E
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center"| F
|- 
| G <!-- column 2+3 occupied by cell F -->
|- 
| colspan="3" align="center"| H
|}
</blockquote>

Note that using <code>rowspan="2"</code> for cell '''G''' combined with <code>rowspan="3"</code> for cell '''F''' to get another row below '''G''' and '''F''' won't work, because all (implicit) cells would be empty.
Likewise complete columns are not displayed if all their cells are empty. Borders between non-empty and empty cells might be also not displayed (depending on the browser), use <code>&amp;nbsp;</code> to fill an empty cell with dummy content.

===Centering tables===
Centered tables can be achieved, but they will not "float"; that is to say, no text will appear to either side. The trick is <tt><nowiki>{| style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"</nowiki></tt>

'''Wiki markup'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;"><pre><nowiki>
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|+ '''Cells left-aligned, table centered'''
! Duis || aute || irure
|-
| dolor  || in reprehenderit || in voluptate velit
|-
| esse cillum dolore || eu fugiat nulla || pariatur.
|}
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

'''What it looks like in your browser'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;">
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|+ '''Cells left-aligned, table centered'''
! Duis || aute || irure
|-
| dolor  || in reprehenderit || in voluptate velit
|-
| esse cillum dolore || eu fugiat nulla || pariatur.
|}
</blockquote>

===Setting parameters===

At the start of a cell, add your parameter followed by a single pipe. For example <tt>width="300"|</tt> will set that cell to a width of 300 pixels. To set more than one parameter, leave a space between each one.

'''Wiki markup'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;"><pre><nowiki>
{| style="color:white"
|-
| style="background:red"|cell1 || width="300" style="background:blue"|cell2 || style="background:green"|cell3
|}
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

'''What it looks like in your browser'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;">
{| style="color:white"
|-
| style="background:red"|cell1 || width="300" style="background:blue"|cell2 || style="background:green"|cell3
|}
</blockquote>

===Decimal point alignment===

A simple and reliable way to achieve decimal point alignment is to use [[Template:0]], assuming it has been defined along the following lines: <nowiki><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">{{{1|0}}}</span></nowiki>

See [[wikipedia:Template:0]] for further details.


Another method to get columns of numbers aligned at the decimal point is as follows:

'''Wiki markup'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;"><pre><nowiki>
{| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
|align="right"| 432 || .1
|-
|align="right"| 43 || .21
|-
|align="right"| 4 || .321
|}
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

'''What it looks like in your browser'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;">
{| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
|align="right"| 432 || .1
|-
|align="right"| 43 || .21
|-
|align="right"| 4 || .321
|}
</blockquote>

If the column of numbers appears in a table with cell padding or cell spacing, one can still align the decimal points without an unsightly gap in the middle.  Embed a table in each number's cell and specify its column widths.  Make the embedded tables' column widths the same for each cell in the column.  (If decimal points are still misaligned using this method, the main table's column may be too narrow.  Add a parameter to increase the column's width.)

'''Wiki markup'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;"><pre><nowiki>
{|border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" width="50%"
|
{|cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
|align="right" width="50%"| 432 ||width="50%"| .1
|}
|-
|
{|cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
|align="right" width="50%"| 43 ||width="50%"| .21
|}
|-
|
{|cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
|align="right" width="50%"| 4 ||width="50%"| .321
|}
|}
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

'''What it looks like in your browser'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;">
{|border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" width="50%"
|
{|cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
|align="right" width="50%"| 432 ||width="50%"| .1
|}
|-
|
{|cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
|align="right" width="50%"| 43 ||width="50%"| .21
|}
|-
|
{|cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
|align="right" width="50%"| 4 ||width="50%"| .321
|}
|}
</blockquote>

In simple cases one can dispense with the table feature and simply start the lines with a space, and put spaces to position the numbers:

 432.1
  43.21
   4.321

==Style classes==

:''See also [[Help:User style]].''

In the first line of table code, after the "{|", instead of specifying a style directly one can also specify a [[w:Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] class. The style for this class can be specified in various ways:
*in the software itself, per skin (for example the class sortable, used at [http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/wikibits.js wikibits.js])
*collectively for all users of one wiki in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] (for example, on this and some other projects there is the class wikitable)
*separately per skin in [[MediaWiki:Monobook.css]] etc.
*individually on one wiki in a user subpage
*individually, but jointly for tables of the class concerned on all web pages, on the local computer of the user. 

Instead of remembering table parameters, you just include an appropriate style class after the <code>{|</code>.  This helps keep table formatting consistent, and can allow a single change to the class to fix a problem or enhance the look of all the tables that are using it at once.  For instance, this:

{|align="center"
|-
!width="40em"|Wiki markup
!width="30em"|What it looks like in your browser
|-
|
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;"><pre><nowiki>
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
|+Multiplication table
|-
! &amp;times; !! 1 !! 2 !! 3
|-
! 1
| 1 || 2 || 3
|-
! 2
| 2 || 4 || 6
|-
! 3
| 3 || 6 || 9
|-
! 4
| 4 || 8 || 12
|-
! 5
| 5 || 10 || 15
|}
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>
|
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;">
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
|+Multiplication table
|-
! &times; !! 1 !! 2 !! 3
|-
! 1
| 1 || 2 || 3
|-
! 2
| 2 || 4 || 6
|-
! 3
| 3 || 6 || 9
|-
! 4
| 4 || 8 || 12
|-
! 5
| 5 || 10 || 15
|}
</blockquote>
|-
|colspan="2" align="center" | becomes with wikitable this:
|-
|
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;"><pre><nowiki>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Multiplication table
|-
! &amp;times; !! 1 !! 2 !! 3
|-
! 1
| 1 || 2 || 3
|-
! 2
| 2 || 4 || 6
|-
! 3
| 3 || 6 || 9
|-
! 4
| 4 || 8 || 12
|-
! 5
| 5 || 10 || 15
|}
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>
|
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;">
{| class="wikitable"
|+Multiplication table
|-
! &times; !! 1 !! 2 !! 3
|-
! 1
| 1 || 2 || 3
|-
! 2
| 2 || 4 || 6
|-
! 3
| 3 || 6 || 9
|-
! 4
| 4 || 8 || 12
|-
! 5
| 5 || 10 || 15
|}
</blockquote>
|}

simply by replacing inline CSS for the table by <code>class="wikitable"</code>.  This is because the ''wikitable'' class in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] and the "<tt>../skins/common/shared.css</tt>" file contain a number of ''table.wikitable'' [[w:CSS|CSS]] style rules.  These are all applied at once when you mark a table with the class.  You can then add additional style rules if desired.  These override the class's rules, allowing you to use the class style as a base and build up on it:

{|align="center" 
|-
!width="40em"|Wiki markup
!width="30em"|What it looks like in your browser
|-
|
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;"><pre><nowiki>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-style:italic; 
font-size:120%; border:3px dashed red;"
|+Multiplication table
|-
! &amp;times; !! 1 !! 2 !! 3
|-
! 1
| 1 || 2 || 3
|-
! 2
| 2 || 4 || 6
|-
! 3
| 3 || 6 || 9
|-
! 4
| 4 || 8 || 12
|-
! 5
| 5 || 10 || 15
|}
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>
|
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;">
{| class="wikitable" style="font-style:italic; font-size:120%; border:3px dashed red;"
|+Multiplication table
|-
! &times; !! 1 !! 2 !! 3
|-
! 1
| 1 || 2 || 3
|-
! 2
| 2 || 4 || 6
|-
! 3
| 3 || 6 || 9
|-
! 4
| 4 || 8 || 12
|-
! 5
| 5 || 10 || 15
|}
</blockquote>
|}

Notice that the table retains the gray background of the wikitable class, and the headers are still bold and centered.  But now the text formatting has been overridden by the local ''style'' statement; all of the text in the table has been made italic and 120% normal size, and the wikitable border has been replaced by the red dashed border. 

Of course this works only for browsers supporting inline CSS, if it's important use XHTML markup like <code>&lt;big&gt;</code> instead of "font-size:120%", or Wiki markup like <code><nowiki>''text''</nowiki></code> instead of "font-style:italic".

==Sorting==

Tables can be made sortable by adding <code>class="sortable"</code>; for details see '''[[Help:Sorting]]'''. Since this can be very useful, it is wise to keep the possibilities and limitations of this feature in mind when designing a table. For example:

* Do not divide a table into sections by subheaders spanning several rows. Instead, an extra column can be made showing the content of these headers on each row, in a short form.
* Do not have elements spanning several columns; instead, again, repeat the content on each row, in a short form.
* In a column of numbers, do not put text such as "ca." in front of a number—it will sort like zero. Do not put text after the number, and do not put a range of numbers (it does not affect the sorting position for numeric sorting mode, and in the case of a range, the first number determines the position, but if, possibly after sorting this or another column, the element is at the top, it will induce alphabetic sorting mode). Instead, put these texts in a separate column. Alternatively, for the greatest flexibility, alphabetic sorting mode with hidden sortkeys can be used. 

A long form of abbreviated content can be put as legend outside the table.

'''Wiki markup'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;"><pre><nowiki>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Sortable table
|-
! Alphabetic !! Numeric !! Date !! class="unsortable" | Unsortable
|-
| d || 2 || 2008-11-24 || This
|-
| b || 8 || 2004-03-01 || column
|-
| a || 6 || 1979-07-23 || cannot
|-
| c || 4 || 1492-12-08 || be
|-
| e || 0 || 1601-08-13 || sorted.
|}
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

'''What it looks like in your browser'''
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em;">
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Sortable table
|-
! Alphabetic !! Numeric !! Date !! class="unsortable" | Unsortable
|-
| d || 2 || 2008-11-24 || This
|-
| b || 8 || 2004-03-01 || column
|-
| a || 6 || 1979-07-23 || cannot
|-
| c || 4 || 1492-12-08 || be
|-
| e || 0 || 1601-08-13 || sorted.
|}
</blockquote>

==Row template==
Regardless of whether wikitable format or HTML is used, the wikitext of the rows within a table, and sometimes even within a collection of tables, has much in common, e.g.:
*the basic code for a table row
*code for color, alignment, and sorting mode
*fixed texts such as units
*special formats for sorting
In that case it can be useful to create a template that produces the syntax for a table row, with the data as parameters. This can have many advantages:
*easily changing the order of columns, or removing a column
*easily adding a new column if many elements of the new column are left blank (if the column is inserted and the existing fields are unnamed, use a named parameter for the new field to avoid adding blank parameter values to many template calls)
*computing fields from other fields, e.g. population density from population and area
*duplicating content and providing span tags with "display:none" for the purpose of having one format for [[Help:Sorting|sorting]] and another for display
*easy specification of a format for a whole column, such as color and alignment

Example:

Using {{ml|help:table/example row template}}
<pre>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! a
! b
! a/b
{{help:table/example row template|  50|200}}
{{help:table/example row template|   8| 11}}
{{help:table/example row template|1000| 81}}
|}
</pre>
gives:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! a
! b
! a/b
{{help:table/example row template|  50|200}}
{{help:table/example row template|   8| 11}}
{{help:table/example row template|1000| 81}}
|}

==Producing table syntax using templates and/or parser functions==
When producing table syntax using templates and/or parser functions, a pipe character in a parameter has to be coded <code><nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki></code>, which uses [[Template:!]], to avoid being interpreted as parameter separator for the template or parser function. see [[Template:Table example with optional row]].

In the case of a conditional table row we typically need code of the form "<code><nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki>-</code>''newline''<code><nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki></code>.. ''newline''" as then- or else-part of an if-construct. To avoid trimming, use a [[:Category:Branching templates|branching template]] (in this example [[Template:Ifnotempty]]) that preserves the newline:

<pre>
{| class=wikitable
{{ifnotempty|x|{{!}}-
{{!}}a
}}{{ifnotempty||{{!}}-
{{!}}b
}}{{ifnotempty||{{!}}-
{{!}}c
}}{{ifnotempty||{{!}}-
{{!}}d
}}{{ifnotempty|x|{{!}}-
{{!}}e
}}
|}
</pre>

gives

{| class=wikitable
{{ifnotempty|x|{{!}}-
{{!}}a
}}{{ifnotempty||{{!}}-
{{!}}b
}}{{ifnotempty||{{!}}-
{{!}}c
}}{{ifnotempty||{{!}}-
{{!}}d
}}{{ifnotempty|x|{{!}}-
{{!}}e
}}
|}

==Other table syntax==
Other types of '''table''' syntax that MediaWiki supports:
#XHTML
#HTML &amp; wiki-<nowiki><td></nowiki> syntax ('''Do not use''')

All three are supported by MediaWiki and create (currently) valid HTML output, but the pipe syntax is the simplest. Also, HTML &amp; wiki-<nowiki><td></nowiki> syntax (i.e., unclosed <nowiki><td></nowiki> and <nowiki><tr></nowiki> tags) will not necessarily remain browser-supported in the upcoming future, especially on handheld internet-accessible devices.

Tables using HTML syntax can have pieces in templates only if the variable $wgUseTidy has been set, as is the case in most Wikimedia projects.

See also [[w:Table (HTML)|Table (HTML)]], [[w:HTML element#Tables|HTML element#Tables]]. Note however that the <code>thead</code>, <code>tbody</code>, <code>tfoot</code>, <code>colgroup</code>, and <code>col</code> elements are currently not [[Help:HTML in wikitext#Permitted_HTML|supported in MediaWiki]].

===Comparison of table syntax===
<table class="wikitable">
<tr><th>&nbsp;<th>XHTML <th>HTML &amp; Wiki-td <th>Wiki-pipe

<tr>
<th>Table
<td><nowiki><table></table></nowiki>
<td><nowiki><table></table></nowiki>
<td><pre><nowiki>{|
|}</nowiki></pre>

<tr>
<th>Caption
<td><nowiki><caption>caption</caption></nowiki>
<td><nowiki><caption>caption</caption></nowiki>
<td><pre><nowiki>|+ caption</nowiki></pre>

<tr>
<th>Row
<td><nowiki><tr></tr></nowiki>
<td><nowiki><tr></nowiki>
<td><pre><nowiki>|-</nowiki></pre>

<tr>
<th>Data cell

<td>
<nowiki><td>cell1</td></nowiki><br>
<nowiki><td>cell2</td></nowiki>

<td>
<nowiki><td>cell1</nowiki><br>
<nowiki><td>cell2</nowiki>

<td>
<pre><nowiki>| cell1
| cell2</nowiki></pre>

<tr>
<th>Data cell
<td><nowiki><td>cell1</td> <td>cell2</td> <td>cell3</td></nowiki>
<td><nowiki><td>cell1 <td>cell2 <td>cell3</nowiki>
<td><pre><nowiki>| cell1 || cell2 || cell3</nowiki></pre>

<tr>
<th>Header cell
<td><nowiki><th>heading</th></nowiki>
<td><nowiki><th>heading</nowiki>
<td><pre><nowiki>! heading</nowiki></pre>

<tr>
<th rowspan="2">Sample table
<td colspan="3">
<table align="center" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3">
   <tr>
      <td>1</td>
      <td>2</td>
   </tr> 
   <tr>
      <td>3</td> 
      <td>4</td> 
   </tr>
</table>

<tr>
<td><pre><nowiki>
<table>
   <tr>
      <td>1</td>
      <td>2</td>
   </tr> 
   <tr>
      <td>3</td> 
      <td>4</td> 
   </tr>
</table>
</nowiki></pre>

<td><pre><nowiki>
<table>
   <tr>
      <td> 1 <td> 2
   <tr>
      <td> 3 <td> 4
</table>
</nowiki></pre>

<td><pre><nowiki>
{| 
| 1 || 2
|- 
| 3 || 4
|}</nowiki></pre>

<tr>
<th rowspan="2">Sample table
<td colspan="3">
<table align="center" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3">
   <tr>
      <td>1</td>
      <td>2</td>
   </tr> 
   <tr>
      <td>3</td>
      <td>4</td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
      <td>5</td>
      <td>6</td>
   </tr>
</table>

<tr>
<td><pre><nowiki>
<table>
   <tr>
      <td>1</td>
      <td>2</td>
   </tr> 
   <tr>
      <td>3</td>
      <td>4</td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
      <td>5</td>
      <td>6</td>
   </tr>
</table>
</nowiki></pre>

<td><pre><nowiki>
<table>
   <tr>
      <td> 1 <td> 2
   <tr>
      <td> 3 <td> 4
   <tr>
      <td> 5 <td> 6
</table>
</nowiki></pre>

<td><pre><nowiki>
{| 
| 1 || 2 
|- 
| 3 || 4 
|- 
| 5 || 6 
|}</nowiki></pre>

<tr>
<th>Pros
<td valign="top">
* Can be previewed/debugged with any XHTML editor
* Can be formatted for easier reading
* Well-known
* Newlines not needed, but [[Help:Newlines_and_spaces#Conditional_table_rows|to some extent allowed]]
* No characters like "|" which can collide with template and parser function syntax 
* Harder to shoot yourself in the foot with than HTML, since proper nesting and tag closure are enforced

<td valign="top">
* Can be previewed/debugged with any HTML editor
* Can be formatted for easier reading
* Well-known
* Takes less space than XHTML
* Newlines not needed, but [[Help:Newlines_and_spaces#Conditional_table_rows|to some extent allowed]]
* No characters like "|" which can collide with template and parser function syntax 

<td valign="top">
* Easy to write
* Easy to read
* Takes little space

<tr>
<th>Cons
<td valign="top">
* Tedious
* Takes a lot of space
* Difficult to read quickly

<td valign="top">
* May not have browser support in future

<td valign="top">
* Unfamiliar syntax
* Rigid structure
* Cannot be indented
* Text (as in HTML tags) may be easier for some people to read than series of pipes, plus signs, exclamation marks, etc.
* Is nothing more than a shortcut for HTML-style tags.  Not easily understood by those unfamiliar with HTML table concepts
* Assigning to a template parameter a value containing "|" requires [[Template:!]]
* Sensitive to newlines; since these are automatically stripped from templates and parameters in some cases, special techniques are sometimes needed to avoid this, see [[Help:Newlines and spaces]]

<tr><th>&nbsp;<th>XHTML <th>HTML &amp; Wiki-td <th>Wiki-pipe
</table>

See also [[Template talk:For#Tables]].

==Pipe syntax in terms of the HTML produced==
The pipe syntax, developed by [[m:User: Magnus Manske| Magnus Manske]], substitutes pipes (<nowiki>|</nowiki>) for HTML. There is an [http://www.uni-bonn.de/~manfear/html2wiki-tables.php on-line script] which converts html tables to pipe syntax tables.

The pipes must start at the beginning of a new line, except when separating parameters from content or when using <code>||</code> to separate cells on a single line. The parameters are optional.

===Tables===
A [[w:Table (HTML)|table]] is defined by
<nowiki>
 {| ''params''
 |}
</nowiki>
which equals
<nowiki>
 <table ''params''&gt;Insert non-formatted text here
 </table&gt;
</nowiki>

===Rows===
&lt;tr&gt; tags will be generated automatically for the first row. To start a new row, use
 |-
which results in
 &lt;tr&gt;
Parameters can be added like this:
 |- ''params''
which results in
 &lt;tr ''params''&gt;

Note:
* &lt;tr&gt; tags will be automatically opened at the first <td&gt; equivalent
* &lt;tr&gt; tags will be automatically closed at <tr&gt; and </table&gt; equivalents

===Cells===
Cells are generated either like this:
 |cell1
 |cell2
 |cell3
or like this:
 |cell1||cell2||cell3
which both equal
 &lt;td&gt;cell1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cell2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;cell3&lt;/td&gt;
so "||" equals "newline" + "|"

Parameters in cells can be used like this:
 |''params''|cell1||''params''|cell2||''params''|cell3
which will result in
 &lt;td ''params''&gt;cell1&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td ''params''&gt;cell2&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;td ''params''&gt;cell3&lt;/td&gt;

===Headers===
Functions the same way as TD, except "!" is used instead of the opening "|". "!!" can be used instead of "||". Parameters still use "|", though!  Example:
 <nowiki>!</nowiki>''params''|cell1

===[[Help:Table caption|Captions]]===

A &lt;caption&gt; tag is created by
 |+ Caption
which generates
 &lt;caption&gt;Caption&lt;/caption&gt;
You can also use parameters:
 |+ ''params''|Caption
which will generate
 &lt;caption ''params''&gt;Caption&lt;/caption&gt;

== Displaying the table code which generates a table ==

The code for a simple wiki markup table inside a ''Code box'' can be seen below. 
<!-- this is a misleading example, because style="text-align: center;" only works on the first cell, although it seems to work on the whole table -->
<pre>
{| border="5" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2"
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Image:gnome-system.png]]
|-
! Computer
|-
| Processor Speed: 1.8 GHz
|}
</pre>

Above code produces/displays the table below:

{| border="5" cellspacing="10" cellpadding="2" style="background-color: transparent;"
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Image:gnome-system.png]]
|-
! Computer
|-
| Processor Speed: 1.8 GHz
|}

Below code, generated and displayed the above table's ''Code box'' code itself, on the screen and web page, inside a blue colored dashed bordered rectangular box.

{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: transparent;"
| width="10%" | &nbsp;
|<pre>
&#60;pre>
{| border="5" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2"
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Image:gnome-system.png]]
|-
! Computer
|-
| Processor Speed: 1.8 GHz
|}
&#60;/pre>
</pre>
| width="10%" | &nbsp;
|}

Note that, HTML tag '''<tt>&#60;pre></tt>''' was used to achieve displaying the above codes and the ''Code box''.

=== Other alternatives to display table code ===

In most cases, when a code line is longer than the web browser window's width, then a scrolling bar appears at bottom, to let the viewer slide to the right side (and also left side) to see the rest of the codes, because, the use of <tt>&#60;pre></tt> tag causes the code line to remain intact, unless an [[w:End-of-line|EOL]] ([[w:Carriage return|CR]]/[[w:Line feed|LF]]) hidden character is reached in that text line. But having to slide or scroll to the right or left for viewing the full codes is often not comfortable to many readers. To solve such problem, using the '''<tt>&#60;p></tt>''', '''<tt>&#60;tt></tt>''' and '''<tt>&#60;br&nbsp;&#47;></tt>''' HTML tags, are better than using the '''<tt>&#60;pre></tt>''' tag, as those will limit the length of a line of code according the available space in the web browser's window and therefor will not result in the need to move the scroll-bar right (or left) for viewing. By placing the codes inside the <tt>&#60;tt>...&#60;/tt></tt> HTML tags, codes are displayed with a [[w:Non-proportional font|fixed width]] text/font, (like the <tt>&#60;pre></tt> tag uses) for easier reading. HTML tag <tt>&#60;br&nbsp;&#47;></tt> is used to display (or bring) next line of codes, starting from the next line. HTML tag <tt>&#60;p></tt> along with its CSS style properties, is used to create the blue colored dashed bordered rectangular box ('''''Code box''''') around the codes, (like the HTML <tt>&#60;pre></tt> tag, which gets these properties from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/style/monobook/main.css main.css] stylesheet file).

An example of table code with a long line is:

<p style="width: 50em; padding: 1em; border: 1px dashed #2f6fab; color: Black; background-color: #f9f9f9; line-height: 1.1em;"> <tt>
&#123;&#124; border="5" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2" <br />
&#124; style="text-align: center;" &#124; &#91;&#91;Image:gnome-system.png]] <br />
&#124;- <br />
&#33; Computer <br />
&#124;- <br />
&#124; style="color: yellow; background-color: green;" &#124; Processor Speed: &#60;span style="color: white;"> 1.8 GHz &#60;/span>''' <br />
&#124;&#125; 
</tt> </p>

producing the below table:

{| border="5" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2"
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Image:gnome-system.png]]
|-
! Computer
|-
| style="color: yellow; background-color: green;" | Processor Speed: <span style="color: white;"> 1.8 GHz </span>
|}

''Code box'' above the table has the auto line wrapping feature enabled. Note the long line (the sixth line from top) inside the codes, which is wrapped inside the ''Code box''. This ''Code box'' and the codes, can be displayed by using below codes in the edit box.

<p style="padding: 1em; border: 1px dashed #2f6fab; color: Black; background-color: #f9f9f9; line-height: 1.1em;"> <tt>
&#60;p style="width: 50em; padding: 1em; border: 1px dashed #2f6fab; color: Black; background-color: #f9f9f9; line-height: 1.1em;"> &#60;tt> <br />
&#60;nowiki><nowiki>{|</nowiki>&#60;/nowiki> border="5" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2" &#60;br&nbsp;&#47;> <br />
| style="text-align: center;" | '''&#60;nowiki>'''<nowiki>[[</nowiki>'''&#60;/nowiki>'''Image:gnome-system.png]] &#60;br&nbsp;&#47;> <br />
|- &#60;br&nbsp;&#47;> <br />
! Computer &#60;br&nbsp;&#47;> <br />
|- &#60;br&nbsp;&#47;> <br />
'''| style="color: yellow; background-color: green;" | Processor Speed: &#60;nowiki><nowiki><span style="color: white;"></nowiki>&#60;/nowiki> 1.8 GHz &#60;nowiki><nowiki></span></nowiki>&#60;/nowiki>  &#60;br&nbsp;&#47;>''' <br />
&#60;nowiki><nowiki>|}</nowiki>&#60;/nowiki> &#60;br&nbsp;&#47;> <br />
&#60;/tt> &#60;/p>
</tt></p>

See the above codes, note that, <tt>&#60;nowiki></tt>...<tt>&#60;/nowiki></tt> tags were used to disable wiki markup codes for beginning a table ('''&#123;&#124;'''), ending a table ('''&#124;&#125;'''), start of an image displaying ('''&#91;&#91;'''), or a hyperlink, etc. All wiki &amp; HTML markup codes need to be disabled by enclosing them inside the <tt>&#60;nowiki></tt>...<tt>&#60;/nowiki></tt> tags. If these codes were to be displayed inside another table, then, each '''&#124;''' (pipe) &amp; '''!''' (Exclamation mark) symbol also needed to be enclosed inside the <tt>&#60;nowiki></tt> tags. Note that, the longer line is automatically wrapped according to the width of the web browser's window, inside the ''Code box''.

Alternatively, we can replace each '''&#124;''' ([[w:Vertical bar|pipe symbol]]) character with <tt>'''&amp;#124;'''</tt> (HTML decimal entity code), replace each '''&#33;''' ([[w:Exclamation mark|exclamation mark]]) with <tt>'''&amp;#33;'''</tt> code, replace '''&#123;''' (beginning curly/second [[w:Bracket|bracket]]) with <tt>'''&amp;#123;'''</tt> and we may replace '''&#125;''' (closing curly/second bracket) with <tt>'''&amp;#125;'''</tt> code. Also replace the '''<''' (less than sign, or beginning angle bracket) with <tt>'''&amp;#60;'''</tt> numeric entity code or, replace it with <tt>'''&amp;lt;'''</tt> (HTML symbol entity code). For more on HTML decimal or [[w:Hexadecimal|hexadecimal]] numeric entity codes, please see [[w:Windows Alt codes]]. To display the wiki image markup code, we should replace the '''[''' (beginning square/third bracket) with <tt>'''&amp;#91;'''</tt> and we may replace '''&#93;''' (closing square/third bracket) with <tt>'''&amp;#93;'''</tt>. When we are replacing characters with their numeric enitity codes, we are actually disabling their normal functionality, so we can display them on the web page(s).

{| border="0" width="100%" 
| By using the numeric entity codes, mentioned in the above paragraph, below codes can display the above ''Code box'' in another '''alternative (better)''' way. Note that, the ''longer line'' is automatically wrapped, without exceeding the browser window's width, inside the below ''Code box''.
| &nbsp;&nbsp;
| width="33%" |
<center>
{| border="5" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2"
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Image:gnome-system.png]]
|-
! Computer
|-
| style="color: yellow; background-color: green;" | Processor Speed: <span style="color: white;"> 1.8 GHz </span>
|}
</center>
|}

<p style="padding: 1em; border: 1px dashed #2f6fab; color: Black; background-color: #f9f9f9; line-height: 1.1em;"> <tt>
&#60;p style="padding: 1em; border: 1px dashed #2f6fab; color: Black; background-color: #f9f9f9; line-height: 1.1em;"> &#60;tt> <br />
&amp;#123;&amp;#124; border="5" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2" &#60;br&nbsp;&#47;> <br />
&amp;#124; style="text-align: center;" &amp;#124; &amp;#91;&amp;#91;Image:gnome-system.png]] &#60;br&nbsp;&#47;> <br />
&amp;#124;- &#60;br&nbsp;&#47;> <br />
&amp;#33; Computer &#60;br&nbsp;&#47;> <br />
&amp;#124;- &#60;br&nbsp;&#47;> <br />
'''&amp;#124; style="color: yellow; background-color: green;" &amp;#124; Processor Speed: &amp;#60;span style="color: red;"> 1.8 GHz &amp;#60;/span> &#60;br&nbsp;&#47;>''' <br />
&amp;#124;&amp;#125; &#60;br&nbsp;&#47;> <br />
&#60;/tt> &#60;/p>
</tt> </p>

See also [[Help:Advanced_editing#Disabling_wikitext_interpretation_and.2For_reformatting|disabling wikitext interpretation and/or reformatting]].

==Square monitors==
To format for a square monitor or window, use a tape measure. Determine the height of your rectangular screen. Using that figure measure under the screen to determine the width your monitor’s screen would be if it were square. Mark that location using ink or tape under the screen. Drag the side of your browser’s window to that location so the window is square based on accurate measurements. Square monitors and reading windows are not able to contain tables and galleries made for rectangular and wide screens. When a table or gallery is wider than the monitor, it makes every line of text wider than the screen as well. The px amounts of the following gallery were determined after measuring the window to make sure it was square:

Type this:

<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em; width:88%;">
<code>
<nowiki><center></nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki>{| border="0" style="background:transparent;" </nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki>|-</nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki>|</nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki>[[Image:Some_window_blinds.JPG|192px x 155px|thumb|left|Various window shades]]</nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki>||</nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki>[[Image:Vert-blinds-2145-rs.jpg|192px x 170px|thumb|left|Vertical blinds]] </nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki>||</nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki>[[Image:2008-08-24 Carpet array.jpg|192px x 155px|thumb|left|This is not a blind]]</nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki>|}</nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki></center></nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki><br /></nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki><center></nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki>{| border="0" style="background:transparent;"</nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki>|-</nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki>|</nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki>[[Image:Vorhang.jpg|192px x 155px|thumb|left|Solid shade]]</nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki>||</nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki>[[Image:Jalousie-1.jpg|328px x 55px|thumb|left|Horizonal blinds]]</nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki>|}</nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki></center></nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki><br /></nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki><center></nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki>{| border="0" style="background:transparent;"</nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki>|-</nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki>|</nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki>[[Image:Some_window_blinds.JPG|225px|thumb|left|Shade, shutters; vertical & horizontal blinds.]]</nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki>||</nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki>[[Image:Miniblinds detail of mechanism.jpg|418px|thumb|left|Detail of turning rod (blind stick) attachment on miniblinds]]</nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki>|}</nowiki>
<br />
<nowiki></center></nowiki>
</code>
</blockquote>


For this:
<center>
{| border="0" style="background:transparent;"
|-
|
[[Image:Some_window_blinds.JPG|192px x 155px|thumb|left|Various window shades]]
||
[[Image:Vert-blinds-2145-rs.jpg|192px x 170px|thumb|left|Vertical blinds]]
||
[[Image:Gardine.jpg|192px x 155px|thumb|left|This is not a blind]]
|}
</center>
<br />
<center>
{| border="0" style="background:transparent;"
|-
|
[[Image:Vorhang.jpg|192px x 155px|thumb|left|Solid shade]]
||
[[Image:Jalousie-1.jpg|328px x 55px|thumb|left|Horizonal blinds]]
|}
</center>
<br />
<center>
{| border="0" style="background:transparent;"
|-
|
[[Image:Some_window_blinds.JPG|225px|thumb|left|Shade, shutters; vertical & horizontal blinds.]]
||
[[Image:Miniblinds detail of mechanism.jpg|418px|thumb|left|Detail of turning rod (blind stick) attachment on miniblinds]]
|}
</center>

== Viewing tables in email and web pages outside Wikipedia ==

Tables are an essential part of presenting information in an easily understandable way. Everything on Wikipedia can be copied elsewhere, and it is encouraged. But Wikipedia tables oftentimes lose their borders when pasted into web pages, blogs, or email. 

The Wikipedia table button produces this:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! header 1
! header 2
! header 3
|-
| row 1, cell 1
| row 1, cell 2
| row 1, cell 3
|-
| row 2, cell 1
| row 2, cell 2
| row 2, cell 3
|}

Note the borders around all the cells, and the whole table. Copy and paste the table into your email, and the borders disappear. This makes the table look something like this below. It is much less understandable.

{|
|
   '''header 1      header 2      header 3'''
 row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2 row 1, cell 3
 row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2 row 2, cell 3
</pre>
|}

This is easily fixed. If you want and expect your table to be passed around in email, blogs, and other web pages, then add 

:'''border="1"'''

somewhere in the first line of your chart wikicode. For example;

{|
|
 <nowiki>{| class="wikitable"</nowiki> '''border="1"'''
 <nowiki>|-
! header 1
! header 2
! header 3
|-
| row 1, cell 1
| row 1, cell 2
| row 1, cell 3
|-
| row 2, cell 1
| row 2, cell 2
| row 2, cell 3
|}</nowiki>
|}

The table will look the same on the Wikipedia page, but it will now also have borders when copied into email, blogs, and other web pages. Bloggers and webmasters will not have to add [[w:CSS|CSS]] code in order to see the chart in a format with basic borders.

==See also==
*[[mw:Help:Tables]]
*[[Simplified table syntax]]
*[[Wiki markup tables]]
*[[Table background colors]]
*[[w:en:User:Dcljr/Tables]]
*[[w:Table (HTML)]]
*[[Help:Template#A_parameter_value_containing_a_pipe_character]]
*[[commons:Category:Commons charts and graphs|Category:Commons charts and graphs]] - resources.
*[[w:Category:Table and column templates]]
:examples:
:*[[w:en:Template talk:Chess position|Chess board]]
:*[[w:en:Template talk:Game of Go Position|Go board]]
:*[[w:en:Monopoly (game)#Board|Monopoly board]]
:*[[Template talk:Square 8x8 pentomino example|Square 8x8 pentomino example]]
*[[commons:Commons:Convert tables and charts to wiki code|Commons:Convert tables and charts to wiki code]]

==External links==
*[[:de:Wikipedia:Helferlein/VBA-Macro for EXCEL tableconversion]] published in German-Wikipediaproject (english instructions included)  
*[http://www.cnic.org/html2mediawiki.html HTML tables to wiki converter at cnic.org]
*[http://area23.brightbyte.de/csv2wp.php csv2wp] - converts [[w:comma-separated values|comma-separated values]] (CSV) format to pipe syntax. You may use this to import tables from Excel etc. ([[wikipedia:de:Benutzer:Duesentrieb/csv2wp|more information]])
*[http://pywikipediabot.sourceforge.net/ pywikipediabot] (can convert HTML tables to wiki)
*[http://search.cpan.org/~diberri/ HTML-WikiConverter]. Various versions and languages.
*[http://sourceforge.net/projects/csv2other/ csv2other]. Takes in input an xls or a csv and outputs a file with wiki table format. Sources available. Still Alfa.
{{h:f|enname=Table}}

[[Category:Editor handbook]]